Last is a three dimensional shape of foot.

The upper of the shoe is done around the last.

The last rules the

Shape of the shoe,

Size of the shoe and

Other dimensions of the shoe.

In sport activities the last needs special features such as Toe spring and Heel Pitch.

These affect to a rolling motion of the foot.

The shape of the foot, instep, girth bottom shape and feather edge of the last need to consider specially when designing the last for special sport. The biggest last variations occur in the widest part of the forefoot and in the heel width. These allow for snug or loose fitting. The amount of extension at the toe will permit or retard forward movement of the foot.