Observation

The benefit of observation over the survey method is that behaviour can be recorded winthout having to rely on self-reports. The researcher gets first-hand data that are uncontaminated by factors intervening between the investigator and the object of research, e.g. problems with recall; interviewer bias; instrument bias.

Where engaging in observation, the researcher will have to make the following decisions:

• Are individuals to be observed in a natural or a contrived situation?
• Does the respondent know they are being observed?
• Will it be structured or unstructured? i.e. will information be recorded on to a structured form, or will it be noted as hoc?
• Can the individuals be observed directly, or will an indirect method be used?
• Will be researcher need to use mechanical means to observe?