The stratum lucidum is a clear translucent layer The cells are not distinguishable as separate entities. The cytoplasm contains keratohyalin.

Horny layer

The fifth and outermost layer, the stratum corneum or horny layer, is composed of clear, dead, scale-like cells which become progressively flattened and fused. The cytoplasm is replaced with keratin, this is soft keratin which is low in sulphur content compared to hard keratin found in nails and hair cortex. The top layers of the s. corneum are flat horny plates which are constantly lost from the surface - desquamated (exfoliation).

The skin of the palms and soles of the feet have different patterns, dermatoglyphics, these are friction surfaces, non-skid tread. Individualistic used for fingerprinting, there are familial trends but everyones pattern is different.

Finger print in close-up and inked dabs.